Origin of Rap Music and its Dependance on High Technology free essay sample

To link modern rap back to traditions such as jump- rope songs or the dozens is to take the art form out of its cultural context; her analysis cements rap music into its cultural milieu, excluding any exploration into historical, transactional connections between rap and past oral traditions. If we avoid looking at rap culture as a means to an end, or as an outgrowth of cultural and political circumstance, we can focus on the music itself, and aka such connective jumps more easily.Hip-hops link to technology is overly apparent, but its essentialness link to literate communication and thought may not be as significant as some would believe: Rap lyrics are oral performances that display written (literate) forms of thought and communication. (Rose 88) Roses assertion is true, for the most part; but to what extent rap music depends upon literacy for the creation of its sound and culture is debatable. We will write a custom essay sample on Origin of Rap Music and its Dependance on High Technology or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The fact that rap artists write lyrics and subsequently orally perform the texts is not sufficient grounds to sever the link between AP and non-textual royalty completely.Rose deems rap a far cry (Rose 88) from oral epic poetry; by breaking down dismissive assertions such as this one, we can expose an element of hip-hop culture that possibly transcends literate technology and the age of mechanical reproduction. In her book, Rose overlooks the cipher culture within the larger rap m USIA community. The term cipher essentially means a group of people freestyles rap lyrics one after another, in a kind of competitionfreestyles rap lyrics involves stringing verses together improvisational.The rappers try to maintain the lyrical flow by rhyming the consecutive verses as best they can, striving for the tightest off the top of the head rhyme. Freestyle sessions on urban street corners were essential to the beginnings of rap music, and the freestyle element plays a major role in todays hip-hop culture, as verified by Virginia rapper Mad Skills 1996 lyrics: Buck the bull*censored*in the cipher *censored* is true The rhymes get spit and the asss get tapped Some innings dont have jack?some innings Got contracts Representation keeping broths tighter Peace to Masc. who did time in the cipherRap music freestyle provides an interesting point of reference to royalty, in that its production involves techniqu es similar to those used by epic poets from pre-textual oral cultures. In Walter J. Ones book Royalty and Literacy, Eng details a study done by linguistic scholar Mailman Parry, and later extended by Lord, of the memorization and recitation of Homeric epics before the poems were committed to text. The question these studies attempted to answer was how could these long epics be memorized without a text? .Eng explains one of the answers found in the study: With [the epic totes] hexameters vocabulary, he could fabricate correct met racial lines without end, so long as he was dealing with traditional materials. (Eng 58) Epic oral poets had massive stores of ready-made, metered lines, and e equally massive banks of cliches and adjectives used to extol the virtues of the IR epic heroes. Since rap freestyles are improvisations, memorization and meter fitting have little or no impact on the composition of the lyrics. What concern ins freestyle artists most is rhyming the last syllables of the verses.To maintain lyrical I rhythm and rhymed verse, rap artists have an infinite store of urban slang and cliches that can be used to fit their rhyme schemes. Use of this array of vocal bulbar applies to freestyle and written verse. While try Eng not to break from their largely self-established rhythms Resembling the methods of oral p outs, rap music culture has established a vocabulary of slang and cultural refer once that is specific to the rap community, and is utilized freely by those with in it for artistic expression, as well as everyday communication.Rapper Punisher, in a freestyle done at a fast pace, exhibits the use of this type of extended communal language: Ill make it last with the cough got If not Ill blow your spot If notJoey Crack please load the clock Let these innings learn the hard way The word to God way The mother*censored*in murder mob way In addition to this extensive, community-specific vocabulary, rap acts such as Biz Marker and Dads VEX bend words and shatter established syllabic in order to f it their lyrical objectives.By using the extended language provided by rap culture, striving to fit lyrical or rhyming needs becomes a less formidable roadblock KC in the composition of written o r freestyle rap lyrics. Boasting or fluting by epic heroes is characteristic of oral epic poet rye from many oral cultures. This reciprocated verbal bragging is usually manifested in a competition between the hero and his adversary, battling to see who ca n boast the most effectively.These poetic exchanges serve the purpose of enforcer icing the heros Olympian stature, and of illustrating his skill in confrontation through the verbal battles. Walter Eng likens fluting to the Caribbean/African American verbal game called the dozensan exchange in which two men ping-upon g insults of each others mother back and forth. The thematic evolution of rap lyrics has led to rap artists often boasting of their own prowess in their rhymes.Cool G Rap paints a glamorous self-poor trait in his first solo album: And once again its big G Running the number rackets Wearing Apple jackets Fast loot tactics Im well up in the millionaire bracket Jacuzzi and saunas And eating steak at Banishes Bentleys limousine A front yard stream Thats full of piranhas Rappers extol their capabilities while laying their competitors to rest boasting about anything and everything, including lyrical skills, material lath, what weapons they claim to carry, their sexual activity, their ability to sell drugs or commit crime without going to prison, and the list goes on.With rap themes so often alluding to survival and individual prominence in urban life, rappers have, in a sense, become their own epic heroes. This theme applies so widely that the prolific rap artist often comes through as a prolific man in his lyrics. * P* In Black Noise, when Rose refers to specific rap lyrics, it is done most often to Stress the importance Of textually, authorship, and technology in the music. Rap lyrics are a critical part of a rappers identity, tryingly suggesting the importance of authorship and individuality in rap music. (Rose 95) Rose illustrates her point by using a dated L. L. Cool J song as her reference.In the lyrical excerpt the rappers identity is repeated several times, with boas ting strung throughout the rhyme. The lyrics complement what Rose has to say about authorship and individuality in rap songs; but in todays hip-hop world, such extreme egocentricity and identity propulsion in lyrics has become increasingly looked down upon and disregarded. Artists have a stronger sense of working WI thin a community today, I believe, than hey did three or four years ago. Indeed, rap artists often work to establish an identity through their lyrics, but tee actual authorship may not be as significant a motivation for this tendency as Ross e assumes.A characteristic of oral cultures and oral memory noted by Eng is the tee indecency of these cultures to slough off obsolete or dated components of tradition in order to make room for changing trends and information. As hip-hop cult re moved from the asss into the asss, certain elements of the culture were pushes d aside and forgotten, while others were remembered and maintained. In raps pa SST ten ears weve seen Performances come and go, gangster rap reach its apex, R UN D. M. C. s Aids make way for Simi n Weekends Timberlands, and KIRKS Ones 198 5 mm updated by the Beatings 1 993 Reign of the Etc. But little from the pa SST ever completely eludes the memory of rap culture. Rap has a strong sense of tradition for an art form created less than twenty years ago. Rose alludes to t he ability of sampling technology to assist in maintaining the past in rap music s present. Rap acts of today sample lyrics by Rake that were released ten yea RSI ago; although Rake hasnt made an album in four years, earning his sampled v choice today is not seen as a revival of a hip-hop image, but is taken for grant De as a continual interspersion of past and present.When rap artists perform for audiences, the link between the oral perform menace and a memorized text becomes blurred. The Dads will have the instrumental s from the mass-produced albums, but rappers rarely recite lyrics from the record deed songs verbatim. A rap artist might recite the hook, if the song has one, an d stick to a considerable portion of the original lyrics; but (like oral poets ) he will spontaneously toy with the lyricshow much and n what ways depends I argyle upon the performers mood and the audience on a given night.At a Tribe Called Quest show in 1994, rapper Fife was performing a popular track, but at a break in the track he substituted the album lyrics with something like Ill buy urn the house down like TTL. This lyrical alteration was a reference to a then- recent incident in which a member of female pop band TTL set fire to the mansion of her ex-romantic interest and N. F. L. Star Andre Orison. The reference was MIM dilate recognized, and the audience responded accordingly. However, with rap acts often falling into the web of chart-minded labels and management, rappers a re less able to Stray from their recorded product.When a rap act Sees one Of TTS records sky across the pop charts, their awareness of audience familiarity an d expectation reaches new heights as well. When the text of a song becomes IM printed on the minds of millions of people, rap acts become reluctant to break t hat chain of familiarity and identification. Mass- production technology often m taste raps oral expression into the readable, marketable form of a standardize d text. The notions of identity and tutorship in rap are largely attributable t o the wide-scale image marketing that characterizes the modern music industry.

MDG Presentation Essays

MDG Presentation Essays MDG Presentation Essay MDG Presentation Essay Abstraction The Importance of Information Technology ( IT ) can non be over emphasized as it is really necessary in all plants of life ; Agriculture. Health. Education. Security. Entertainment etc. It provides new chances for bettering public presentation and strategic fight. However. few organisations have successfully grasped the chances enabled by IT. mostly due to their limited ability to measure the impact of IT on steadfast public presentation and ignorance. My Industrial Training Programme has exposed me to the IT industry with hands-on practical experience on Computer technology and package development. The practical side of calculating can be seen everyplace. Nowadays. practically everyone is a computing machine user. and many people are even computing machine coders. Geting computing machines to make what you want them to make requires intensive hands-on experience. But computing machine scientific discipline can be seen on a higher degree. as a scientific discipline of job resolution. Computer scientists must be adept at patterning and analysing jobs. They must besides be able to plan solutions and verify that they are right. Problem work outing requires preciseness. creativeness. and careful logical thinking. Computer scientific discipline besides has strong connexions to other subjects. Many jobs in scientific discipline. technology. wellness attention. concern. and other countries can be solved efficaciously with computing machines. but happening a solution requires both computing machine scientific discipline expertness and cognition of the peculiar application sphere. Theref ore. computing machine scientists frequently become adept in other topics. Company PROFILE ABOUT CONNECT TECHNOLOGIES LIMITED In 1986. the laminitis had a dream and the impulse to deploy Information Technology Solutions and take part actively in the Nigerian Economy. His mission so. was to work the untapped resources of the nation’s Information Technology ( IT ) Industry. With over 100 man-years connate professional exposure fused in. Connect Technologies Limited was in 2000 incorporated as a taking specializer IT Solutions Provider. Goal Our clients’ success is our growth MISSION STATEMENT Connect Technologies Limited is dedicated to achievement of its vision and mission by using the following value chain’ attack: Customer Focus – Customer First Doctrine: We will work diligently to understand our clients’ IT needs. and strive to run into or transcend their outlooks. utilizing the best pattern attack. Our Peoples – Connect Technologies’ Management Team is its greatest plus. The Team understands the Nigerian IT needs and challenges in the competitory planetary economic system. Commitment – To supply the highest degree of committedness to quality service and merchandises to our clients. CAPABILITY STATEMENT – EXPERIENCE Connect Technologies’ entry into the information engineering industry is backed with more than 100 man-years of blood relation and relevant professional experience of its prima practicians. Connect Technologies’ professional and managerial work force base. no uncertainty. represents one of the best in the industry today. Working in coaction with our proficient spouses in Nigeria. Asia–India. Europe and the USA. we possess the capableness to plan. supply. put in LAN-based/multi-tier Application Software. train. and keep complex information engineering systems. both domestic and abroad. Vision To be and stay a taking IT Solutions Provider with capablenesss to introduce and present functional hi-tech Software undertakings with maximal benefits to all clients. Our construct of client satisfaction is derived from the fact that we aspire to cut down our execution downtime to the barest lower limit while increasing our clients’ productiveness at least cost to them. PROFESSIONAL SERVICES Connect Technologies pattern and carry on the concern of Informatics and Information with peculiar mention to all related activities and trade in the Information and Communications Technology ( ICT ) industries and services – affecting Software Development and Hardware constellation solutions. The nucleus service is focused on concern of design. and development of Information Technology Knowledge Infrastructure undertakings with peculiar mention to the design of Application Software and Solutions and interfacing them with Local Information Infrastructure ( LII ) . National Information Infrastructure ( NII ) and Global Information Infrastructure ( GII ) . As professional IT trainers. Connect Technologies’ organizes and manages particular I. T Seminars. Workshops and Conferences for corporate organisations – particularly the banking industry for the intent of upgrading the cognition and operational expertness of Informatics Technology. The customized preparation embraces in-house preparation on Information Technology and Communications Technology – particularly Internet Development and Operation Training. CORE COMPETENCE Capabilities: Design. automate. Integrate. Support and Manage complex technology-driven Application Software systems – Our Solutions are 100 % autochthonal attempt. Human Resources Highly skilled Software Development A ; Implementation Team Solutions A ; Servicess LAN Groupware Applications and Solutions Internet Solutions A ; Web Portal Design Design and Installation of Local A ; Wide Area Networks Offshore Software Project Development Technical Training Facilities Management Undertaking Management Expertness Connect Technologies Limited has strong foundation in Infrastructural. Financial. Technical. Merchandise and Marketing Resources. Today. this expertness in Retail Banking Consultancy. Software Development. Networking and other services will profit major Bankss and concern organisations all over the state. CONNECT TECHNOLOGIES SOLUTIONS EPortal Solutions Enterprise eGovernment Operation Solutions Enterprise Educational Portal Solutions Enterprise Business Intelligent Solutions Enterprise Campus-wide Knowledge Solutions Enterprise Recruitment Solutions Enterprise Cooperative Financial ( CoopFinance ) Web-based Financial Application designed to automatize all Cooperative activities from Member Registration. Savings A ; Loan Application. Approval Process and Repayment Processes. Journal Posting. Account Management. Pool Fund Management. Payable A ; Receivables ( Members A ; Third Party ) . Enterprise Banker? ( CT2001 ) Banking package specially designed to automatize all banking activities. from banking demands of retail clients. everyday banking demands of investings and trade-finance activities to full activity study sum-up. Enterprise Stock Master? Stock Application targeted towards mid-ranged stock and Stock Brokerage. Financial and Investment Houses in its range. It is specially designed to automatize all stock activities. from stockholder enrollment of clients and stock demands of investings and trade-finance activities to full activity study sum-up. Enterprise Inventory/Payment System Enterprise Manufacturing and Inventory System is designed to optimise the efficiency of Trading/Sales Network. Gross saless Warehouses and Manufacturing capableness. It is a complete Manufacturing/Inventory System [ With Customer Support System. Financial Management System. Inventory Control System ] [ Including Gross saless. Purchase. Bills Receivable and Payable. Income and Expense care ] With assorted utile Reports. Money Transfer Management Systems MTMS. version CT2003 is a full Multi-Currency Solution targeted towards commercial Bankss. Merchant Bankss. Savingss and Loans. Financial. Passenger Traffic Systems and Investment Houses. It is specially designed to automatize all on-line money transportation activities. from directing and receiving of money to rapprochement of histories and full activity study sum-up. The Application is unafraid and dependable. Digital Image / Account Security System Digital Image / Account Security System is an application designed to supervise customer’s histories and supply equal Account Security through Digital Image Capturing and Confidential Data Protection. MAJOR PROJECT REFERENCES Signal-to-noise ratio Client Nature of Undertaking Status 1 NITDA Supply of e-Learning Application System to RITC Completed 2 NITDA ICT Consultancy on Development of Computer Network Security Standards Completed 3 NITDA Part of Consortium of ICT Consultants that developed Framework Architecture and Standards for e-Government Applications Completed 4 Shell-East Cooperative Investment Limited. Ph IT Financial Consultant. Deployment and Implementation of Enterprise Cooperative Financials Software Completed and is being supported 5 NITDA ICT Consultancy A ; Implementation of eGovernment Undertaking for Federal Government Completed 6 NITDA e-Government Workflow PS-NET Pilot Application deployed at FMST. Presidency. National Assembly. Finance Ministry. BOF ( Budgets Office ) . Civil Service Commission. EFCC. PARP and Ministry of Education Completed 7 Akwa-Ibom State Government ICT Consultancy on SIT Park Project Completed 8 Trithel International Consulting E-Business Solutions ( e-commerce portal ) Completed 9 Akwa Savings A ; Loan – Uyo. Unical Community Bank – Calabar. Olomi Community Bank – Ibadan. Karakata Investment Limited – Ogbomosho. Aniocha Community Bank etc Deployment of our Enterprise Banker Completed and is being supported 10 Riggs Securities. Lagos Deployment of our Enterprise Stock Master? Solutions Completed 11 Toyota Nigeria Limited E-Business Solutions Completed 12 Henrich Boll Foundation. Socio Economic Rights Initiative. NOTAP ( National Office for Technology Acquisition and Promotion ) . ITAN ( Information Technology Association of Nigeria ) 13 SIM Registration with Chams Plc Completed PROFILE OF KEY PERSONNEL CHRIS UWAJE ( FNCS. FIAP ) Born in Lagos. Nigeria. 4th August. 1951. Christopher Uwaje ( FNCS. FIAP ) is the Principal Consultant. Chief Software Architect and Chief Executive Officer: Connect Technologies Limited–CTL. He is the Originator/Pioneer of National Information Technology Policy for Nigeria. Guest Student on Information sciences. University of Hamburg. Graduate of Informatics. British Institute of Engineering Technology and Control Data Institute. Frankfurt. Germany. Post Graduate Qualifications. Over Three Decades of on-the-job IT Practice as Computer Scientist – Spread across three continents ( Europe/Africa and America ) . specialising in IT-Strategy Consulting – integrating SIT Park undertaking conceptualisation. design. execution. undertaking direction and Technical Support. Software Engineering Solutions ; Research. Design and Development ( RD A ; D ) . Particular Professional focal point: National A ; Regional IT Policy ; Coordinating Chairman. Council for West Africa Information Technology Professionals ( CWAITP ) . Immediate Past President of Information Technology Association of Nigeria ( ITAN ) and 1St Vice President of Institute of Software Practitioners Association of Nigeria ( ISPON ) . Member. National Inter-Ministerial Committee on Software development. PROFESSIONAL CREDENTIALS AND ASSOCIATIONS Alumnus of Informatics. British Institute of Engineering Technology and Control Data Institute. Frankfurt. Germany. Post Graduate Qualifications. IMMEDIATE-PAST PRESIDENT: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ASSOCIATION OF NIGERIA ( ITAN ) IMMEDIATE PAST PRESIDENT: INSTITUTE OF SOFTWARE PRACTITIONERS OF NIGERIA ( ISPON ) FELLOW NIGERA COMPUTER SOCIETY NCS ) Chap: Institute OF ANALYSTS AND PROGRAMMERS. U. K. Chap: Institute OF CERTIFIED PROFESSIONAL OF U. K. Member: COMPUTER PROFESSIONAL REGISTRATION COUNCIL OF NIGERIA. ( CPN ) MEMBER: Institute OF MANAGEMENT SPECIALIST. BRITAIN. Past President: ROTARY INTERNATIONAL DISTRICT 9110. NIGERIA. OLUYINKA TANIMOWO Born on March 14th 1971 in Abeokuta. Ogun State. Nigeria. Happily married with two lovely girls and one handsome male child. B. SC ( Hons ) . Computer Science ( First Class Honours ) from University of Benin. Benin-City. Edo State ( 1993 ) Award Best graduating pupil in Faculty of Science during 1992/1993 Academic Session Best pupil in Computer Science during 1992/93 Session Best pupil in Computer Science during 1991/92 Session Nigerian Breweries PLC. Prize Winner. 1991/92 Session Best pupil in Computer Science during 1990/91 Session Best Student in Mathematics. 1988 ( Secondary School ) EXPERIENCE – SUMMARY Over 10 old ages of active Software Development. Hardware/OS Platforms: Have worked on assorted platforms that range from DOS. Windows 3. ten. Windows 95/98. NT/Win 2000. Advanced Server 2002 and higher. Windows XP. Software/Internet Technologies: Experienced with the followers: VB. Internet. ASP. Internet. C # . Ocular C/C++ . MFC. ActiveX Controls. Visual Basic. HTML. ASP. DHTML. VB Script. JavaScript. XML. CGI. JAVA. Windows NT. Client/Server Software Development. TCP/IP. ODBC. MS SQL Server. COBOL. MS Visual SourceSafe. Others: Object-Oriented Analysis A ; Design ( OOA A ; D ) . UML. Rational Rose A ; Requirement Analysis. Chapter ONE Introduction Therefore. pupils most particularly in higher establishment of larning are expected to hold an Industrial Training experience in order to better their practical accomplishments in their different class of survey and besides be computing machine literate. 1. 1 Industrial Training Program. Industrial Training plan provides pre-professional work experience with specific assignments and duties. An Industrial Training should be relevant to a student’s personal calling involvements and academic classs of survey. functioning as a span between university and the universe of work. Productive Industrial Trainings aid pupils to do informed determinations and better their marketability after graduation. 1. 2 Aims of Industrial Training. To supply avenue for pupils in higher establishment of larning get industrial accomplishments and experience in their assorted class of survey. To fix pupils for work state of affairs they are likely to run into after graduation. To expose pupils to work methods and techniques in managing equipment and machinery that may non be available in the University. To do passage from University to the universe of work easier and therefore enhance competitions for subsequently occupation arrangements. To supply pupils with an chance to use their theoretical cognition in existent work state of affairs. thereby bridging the spread between University work and existent pattern. To enlist and beef up employers’ engagement in the full educational procedure of fixing University alumnuss for employment in the industry. 1. 4a Brief History of Connect Technology Ltd. 1. 4b Structure of the Company. 1. 4c Training Procedure of Connect Technology Ltd. At Connect Technology Ltd is a perfect mixture of theory and practical plants besides the execution of web-based instructions to enable pupils on Industrial Training acquire a clasp of whatever is taught. Connect Technology Ltd is a extremely organized house that non merely satisfies clients but besides ensures that pupils learn a batch that pertains to their class of survey. 1. 4d Features of Training Methodologies. Assignments: At the terminal of each talk. pupils are to make their assignments and submit. Scores possibly awarded to maintain cheque on advancement degree of pupils. Seminars: This is an synergistic forum where pupils including staffs come together to speak about plants they have executed. locating the challenges and besides make programs for farther plants or undertakings. Textbooks: Students are allowed to travel through the firm’s press release and read more pertaining to what has been taught. Internet: Students are besides given the chance to travel on-line to read up on different subjects. which may non needfully be what have been discussed at work but must be relevant so as to add more cognition to the pupil. Chapter 2 WORK DONE The first twenty-four hours of work at Connect Technologies Ltd was on the 3rd of August. 2012. I was given an orientation in the company by one of the staff by name Pius Ekeh Junior. he told me of the regulations and ordinance of the company. showed me around different offices in the company. the services they render to the society. and he besides gave a occupation description. and all that is expected of me during my Industrial Attachment. I was assigned to the hardware section. where we did occupations like arranging a system unit. ghosting of difficult thrusts. matching system. changing of damaged motherboard constituents and fixs of computing machine if the demand arises. among others. Every Friday. everybody including staffs and IT pupils are enjoined in a seminar where they are given appraisal on plants done during the hebdomad. discourse on challenges encountered during the week’s work and program in front for farther occupations and undertakings. Monthly. I assist my co-workers in disc killing. disc atomization. antivirus update. and besides give a well elaborate study to the staff in charge of IT ( Industrial Training ) pupils. During the first hebdomad. no much work was done since I was new in the company. but as clip went on. I was been thought on computing machine rudimentss. how to utilize Microsoft. WordPad. Command Prompt. Viruses. Malware. Spyware and how they affect the computing machine system. I besides learnt on the definition of discs. their different types which are Basic and Dynamic discs. their utilizations. and how to change over from one signifier or province to another i. e. change overing a disc in its Basic province to a Dynamic disc or from its Dynamic province to a Basic disc. DISK CLEAN This is a procedure where the computing machine gets rid of irrelevant plans from its memory. It is used to unclutter fresh files on the difficult disc and offers more options than merely emptying the recycle bin but besides observing impermanent cyberspace files. Files such as temporal office apparatuss and old restore points can be removed in one operation. this besides offers more flexibleness for file remotion. To make this Right Click the My Computer Icon Then Click on Properties Following Click Disk Cleanup Click the points to be removed Choice Yes to corroborate omission Then Click Ok to complete By these actions. the files are removed from the difficult disc and the infinites occupied are being freed. RECYCLE BIN When a file is deleted from the computing machine. it is non completed deleted from the computing machine alternatively it is saved in the Recycle Bin. where it can be restored should in instance it was deleted by error. Merely when a file is deleted from the Recycle Bin. is it for good deleted from the computing machine. The Recycle Bin should be emptied on a regular footing. SCAN DISK This is used to look into the unity of the file systems. besides to scan the physical difficult disc for bad sectors. These bad sectors can take to data loss or corruptness and this is one of the first marks of falling difficult discs. When bad sectors are detected. Scan Disk efforts to mend these sectors mark them as UNUSABLE’ . GHOSTING This means making a ringer of its contents so that they may be transferred to a different and larger sized difficult disc. It is non purely the same as copying. but instead a agency of accessing files and package without holding to travel through all the problem of reinstalling them. Ghosting is typically done on a computing machine so as to upgrade it to a larger difficult disc. It is besides really of import to observe that when making this both difficult discs should be compatible. in footings theoretical account and trade name. It is sometimes called Cloning. CONFIGURATION OF SYSTEMS System constellation is the procedure of puting up the hardware devices and delegating resources to them so that they work together without struggles. A decently configured system will let the user avoid resource struggle jobs. and makes it easier for the user to upgrade the system with new equipments in the hereafter. An improperly configured system will take to storage mistakes and jobs. and do upgrading really hard. Stairss in Puting up or Configuration a Computer. Power on the Computer On Set up window. choose state or part. clip. currency and keyboard layout Click Next’ Accept the licence footings required to utilize your computing machine Click Next’ Enter username and watchword. so take a default image for the usage history Enter computing machine name e. g. Helen-pc Click Next’ and chink on Ask me once more if any message comes up’ Here set clip and day of the month clip zone Finally snap on Start’ After constellation of the computing machine. the user can now let the window to look into the public presentation of the computing machine and fix the desktop. At this occasion the user can put in and download any necessary applications that are needed on the computing machine. UPGRADING WINDOWS XP to WINDOWS 7. It is the same stairss taken when configuring a computing machine ; the difference is that during the constellation. the following are done: Insert the OS cadmium for Windows 7 Restart the computing machine When prompted to boot to boot from Cadmium. it any key on the keyboard to continue Then all the instructions carefully and you will hold your Windows XP upgraded to Windows 7 After that install the drivers and applications that are necessary to assist the user work handily on the computing machine. Energizing WINDOWS. Triping Windows is necessary for Microsoft to cognize it is a echt version of the Operating System. It besides aids in upgrading any Operating System to any version. These are the stairss required: Click on the Start button Right Click on My Computer Select Properties Click on Activate Windows Follow all instructions including the EULA understanding You will necessitate to type the merchandise key of the computing machine and it is ever at the top of the system unit After that you will be required to wait for some proceedingss so that Windows can be activated. TROUBLESHOOTING OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM. Troubleshooting is a procedure of finding the cause of. and finally the solution to. a job. It is a signifier of job work outing. most frequently applied to mend of failed merchandises and procedures. It is a logical and systematic hunt for the beginning of a job. so that it can be solved. and so the merchandise or procedure can be made operational once more. It is besides needed to develop and keep complex systems. where the symptoms of a job can go forth many possible jobs. By using a logical. consistent method to the troubleshooting procedure. you make your work easier. and shorten the clip it takes to detect the root of the job. Acquire information about the job by oppugning the user and placing any alteration the user has made to the computing machine recently. In geting the information. you will happen out that sometimes the user has the job. Some complain of non being able to link to the cyberspace or non being able to utilize the pressman and applications. All that is needed is to look into the machine which of all time it is and seek to proffer a solution.

Creation of a paper on how you would research a business sector and Assignment

Creation of a paper on how you would research a business sector and how you would structure a project report - Assignment Example ournemouth, Solar Simple Ltd in Worcester, Rain Wind Sun in Swindon, Green and Co Renewables in Rushden, Solar Power UK Ltd in Braintree, Impact Renewables in Leeds and numerous others scattered all over the United Kingdom’s geography. (UK Renewable Energy Companies, 2012). These companies provide energy solutions to replace conventional energy forms, solar , nuclear and wind energy being a popular choices due to convenience. The Government has also taken an active interest in this sector due to gravity of the environmental threats currently facing the planet and thus the Government has committed itself to help businesses in this sector develop successfully. Their goal for 2020 is to achieve 15% of their total energy from renewable resources. Another reason why the Government is especially interested in the development of this sector is because it has generated great interest from foreign investors. In additional to the investment that this will bring into the UK, it will create a multitude of job opportunities. The UK however needs to improve its infrastructure to be able to deal with and reap the benefits of this investment. (The UK Renewable Energy Sectors, 2012). Research has shown that the UK will be able to reduce almost $17 billion of its per annum energy costs if it sticks to its renewable energy plan. Soon the Government will introduce a bill that will detail the fine print of this energy saving plan. (Hussain, 2012). It becomes quite clear that due to the immense foreign investment and jobs this sector is generating, it has a large scope in the business world. The size of the sector is also expected to grow into the foreseeable future as demand for alternative energy forms increase in the face of depleting resources of conventional energy forms and a growing awareness of the damage they have caused to the earth and its environment and how usage of clean, renewable energy is better for the planet and its people. Carbon emissions are expected to

Evaluate how an organisation implemented an information system (such Essay

Evaluate how an organisation implemented an information system (such as a CRM, SCM or ERP - Essay Example In the modern world with increased expectations from customers, relationship marketing has become an important factor in financial services. Therefore, the management function of banks needs to critically analyse those areas where prospects can be found owing to industry amalgamation, virtual distribution and the growing ability to transfer cash just with the snap of a mouse which has made it efficient for customers to shift their loyalty from one bank to the other. It is this necessity that has prompted many banks to establish a relationship with their customers by coming up with a well-managed system that ensures that banks fully understand their customers, retain existing clients through enhancedconsumer experience, remain attractive to new customers and gain new clienteles and contracts, increase cost-effectiveness and cut back on consumer organization costs. In this scenario, CRM (Customer Relationship Management) is an information system that presents an opportunity for banks t o develop concrete relationships with their clients who can then market their services through word of mouth, making it hard to change loyalty by switching to other banks among others (Hwang and Wen,2009; Kamakura et al., 2005). HDFC Bank, India, launched the use of CRM in 2008 to achieve its vision of â€Å"One Bank† to enable it make available to the customers more information about the bank and attract new customers in order to boost its profitability and customer satisfaction. HDFC Company Profile and Porters Five Forces Analysis HDFC is a commercial bank based in India and is the largest private universal bank by market capitalization having a customer base totalling over 25 million, an elaborate distribution network consisting of 2,544 branches spreading across 1399 cities around the world. The bank also has a huge workforce with over fifty five thousand employees. For HDFC Bank to effectively apply its core competencies to achieve a profit above the industry average, i t is important to assess its potential for profitability and strategic position in the Indian banking industry. The Indian banking sector is defined by a high bargaining power of customers owing to the fact that banks provide uniform services. This is mainly due to the fact that nearly all banks strive to make available requisite information to their clients through such facilities as internet and mobile banking thus increasing buyer information availability and buyer price sensitivity. On the other hand, The Reserve Bank of India, the nation’s central bank and regulatory body, has created numerous regulatory standards and benchmarks which have to be met by banks. This in effect lowers the bargaining power of commercial banks in general and HDFC in particular. The industry is also highly competitive given the numerous numbers of public, private, foreign and cooperative banks offering financial services similar to those offered by HDFC. The availability of substitutes outside of the realm of common product boundaries of HDFC such as mutual funds, Government securities and T-bills increases the propensity of customers to switch to alternatives. Lastly, HDFC faces a low level of threat of new entrants to the industry due to the high number of banking regulations created by the Reserve Bank of India (Goyal and Joshi, 2012). CRM Customer Relationship

Allegory of the Cave in Platos Book Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Allegory of the Cave in Platos Book - Essay Example One question that thinkers need to answer in the allegory of the cave is; who is the liberator? The fact that this allegory had a symbolic meaning to the manner in which true knowledge is achieved, gives room for many thinkers to deduce that the Liberator is the philosopher. In fact, as one may realize, Socrates advised on the need for those who have seen light to go back and pass the very light to those in the darkness. This would mean, philosophers, taking responsibility in passing true knowledge to those who are yet to receive knowledge. First, Socrates claimed that the prisoners were in a locked cave, chained from birth and unable to move their bodies and could only stare straight at the wall of the cave. This situation would portray human being in the world of the unknown. Moreover, Socrates believed that a person had an inner knowledge that only needed to be shaped, rather than being taught by the teachers. That would be symbolic to the prisoner who only needed a springboard to let him make the first movement towards enlightenment. Secondly, the prisoners in the cave are portrayed as only able to see the shadows of real visible things (Bloom, 1991). This phrase would symbolize human being in the sense where they lack true knowledge of real things that exist. In such circumstances, people would reason under conditions of the depravity of knowledge and imagine that they know everything, yet the true knowledge is hidden from them. Nevertheless, when either the internal force or the external force triggers the already existing knowledge, they would come to realize the true knowledge and live in it. Some of the factors may prevent one from perceiving reality. One is the fear to accept the reality. Here, one may realize that most people would not like to accept the change and cope with it.  

Consultant Report For London Taxis International Limited

Consultant Report For London Taxis International Limited This report is being produced to investigate whether a move towards electric vehicles will be beneficial to London Taxi International limited. This report has focused on PESTEL analysis, Political, Environmental, Social, Technological, Economical and Legal regions using SWOT (Strengths, weaknesses, Opportunities and threats) methods to analyse each of these regions. The political aspects to focus upon on making a change to electric vehicles are the implantations of the laws that benefit electric vehicles. One of the main regions these taxis operate around is London and the main disadvantage of driving in London is congestion charge the government has implemented a law that states that for electric vehicles congestion charges are to be scrapped. Generally per vehicle congestion charges implemented by transport of London is  £10 for the day and from the London Black cabs figures there is an assumption of 17000 licensed cabs on the road. Therefore within a year this company will be saving approximately in the region of thousands of pounds and making a profit on the electric vehicles they produce and sell as they are more attractive to purchasers. Continuing with the money this change would account for savings as an electric vehicle is immune from paying road tax because its emissions are below 100g/km under the new lows, this is one of the ways t o promote electric cars to more people, and in addition to that the electric vehicle is immune from the raising taxes put on petrol. The reason for rising the issue of Carbon emissions is due to new laws that are due to come into effect. The car currently being produced by London Taxi International limited would become obsolete as the TX4 is producing CO2 emissions of 233g/km. Therefore even if the switch to electric is not made a new car concept that produces less pollution will have to be considered. Finally as the government are constantly introducing new schemes to promote the electric vehicle they have offered grants for purchasing electric cars. The latest innovative idea by the government is to offer  £5000 towards the price of the electric vehicle. Therefore if we are producing electric vehicles consumers are more likely to purchase the electric vehicle over the existing model as along with the road tax, free parking and other schemes the government are offering will be saving a great deal more money in both the short and long term. Referring back to the SWOT method with the political aspects however laws in other countries consider electric vehicles as a hazard due to the fact they create no artificial noise. These countries have implemented a law that says all vehicles must make some noise for safety reasons. This makes cause a problem when approaching these companies with our new electric design. Considering threats to the political aspects of this report times are changing. Therefore at the moment the government are happy to promote electric vehicles in a positive light. However once the switch over happens, the reaction to electric vehicles may change as there may be an advancement that could show them to be hazardous. One of the biggest issues in the motoring these days is the environment which is being destroyed day by day. One of the main reasons for this destruction is co2 which as we know comes mainly from the use of fossil fuel in motor vehicles. There are new legislations concerning co2 emissions from vehicles and the European commission has issued emission standard known as euro 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and the Mayor of London has introduced a taxi emission strategy that requires all London taxis to meet at least euro 3. There is no debate on how electric vehicles help the economy and save money; but electric cars dont just protect your wallet. They also stop oil companies from drilling offshore or in environmentally protected areas. Offshore drilling is very hazards to the environment for example the Gulf of Mexico spill , and spills from ships such as the Exxon Valdez oil spill in Alaska, and the Torrey Canyon in the UK have illustrated the harm oil spills can cause to ocean-based ecosystems. Most people may not understand exactly how these alternative vehicles contribute to save the planet. One of the main problems to the environment is produced by using vehicles that depend mainly on fossil fuel. Not only that, there are other hazards materials that can harm the environment, like the batteries of the vehicle which after its been used fully it bosses a high risk to the environment and it has to be disposed of properly. LTI has been trying to reduce the use of hazardous substances to levels lower than those demanded by new European Legislation and the recyclability targets which came into force in 2006 are comfortably met. A number of components in LTI vehicles are already produced from recycled material and LTIs policy of promoting increased use of these materials will ensure the impact of their vehicles on the environment will be reduced. Also LTI has been thinking of a way to dispose of the hazards materials by using modern disposal facilitates that will do this in an environmentally friendly manner. LTI Vehicles has partnered with Auto green Ltd. Auto green, will take charge of disposing off disused LTI vehicles, and they will provide a contracted network of take back and Authorised Treatment Facilities (ATFs) throughout the United Kingdom. This process ensures that re-use, recovery and recycling targets are met. The economic factors include consideration of economic growth for the company, interest rates affecting cost of capital, exchange rates of exporting goods and finally inflation rates. All these factors affect how the company will operate and what decisions it will make. As we propose to the London Taxi Company a new electric engine concept for their taxis, we have to bear in mind what effects this will have on the company economically if they decide to go ahead with our idea. The advantages of our idea include that there is a small but stable market for the electric engine concept so large sale or purchases of supplies wont cause major changes; also the product is attractive to the company as it will cut down their running costs and hopefully increase profits. London Taxi Company has relationships with partners all over the world international relations. This is an advantage to the taxi company as the production rate of taxis will remain high as they supply electric taxis across the world to countries such as Egypt, Ghana, Kosovo and Lebanon. The company also has a number of European partners with plans to introduce the iconic London taxi to Rome, Milan and Istanbul. These all increase the companys economic growth. As London Taxi Limited already has international relations, they would need to keep ahead of their competition. If this is done, they would appeal more to customers for their greener vehicles and because the electric cars costs less to run. The taxi firms would also want the electric cars as they cost less to run than petrol vehicles. This means London Taxi Limited would sell even more electric taxis and therefore boost their capital and profit levels. Also when new laws on green house gases and co2 emission are introduced in the different countries, (such as America, South East Asia and Australasia) London Taxi Limited will appeal more to the taxi firms. This will give them a new business opportunity, especially if they have electric taxis that are known to be reliable. So London Taxi Limited would be the first choice for taxi production from taxi firms. The disadvantages with this proposition consist of costs of research and development, funding during conversion of petrol to electric engines and exchange rates affecting the cost of importing goods and the supply of exported goods to the international and European cities. As a result inflation rates could have either beneficial or detrimental effects in the long term. As the market for electric cars is fairly young, research and development into new and more efficient ideas is still being done which the London Taxi Company would be interested in doing to improve their electric engines generally. Concerning the conversion to electric for the whole production line, complete factories would need to be adapted to suit the installation of electric engines into the taxi cars. This process would be quite costly and might require borrowing of money to fund it. As exchange rates are fluctuating all the time, importing and exporting costs might have an effect on the business. The inflation ra tes depend on the country that is involved in business with London Taxi Company where, at the moment, inflation rates are highest in Ghana at 15 25 %. In short term, the process might be quite costly, yet if we look at the long run, these costs will only pay off eventually due to no fuel or running costs. The social aspect upon making this decision to change to electric is extremely important as the image is what will encourage both the public and consumers to change to or use electric vehicles. One of the main reasons LTI should convert their cabs to electric power is because although they do have a world renown image, that image is of a loud, expensive, heavily polluting vehicle. Converting their vehicles to electric power will hugely improve this image, reduce running costs and make them much quieter for running in tight residential areas, making taxi companies more likely to buy the taxis. For most emerging electric cars, such as the Nissan Leaf, the government provides subsidies to consumers who want to buy the electric car. If LTI are quick to enter the market, then this government subsidy may be offered to consumers wanting to buy the new LTI electric car. This would be hugely beneficial because taxi companies looking to buy taxis would see this and hopefully take action to get the reduced price while they can. The larger the city, the more pollution occurs due to more vehicles and industries emitting co2. If the taxis that run in the cities were powered by batteries, then a large chunk of these pollutants will be diminished, as well as setting the standard for the rest of public transport. Other companies will be demanding LTI to provide them with the cleaner taxis if they are the first to enter this niche market, which gives an excellent foothold for LTI to establish them in this growing industry. Also, if LTI have battery powered cabs, then they may attract the attention of environmental enthusiasts that would otherwise prefer to use other modes of transport, such as cycling or walking, thus creating a much larger customer base and hence higher revenue. Most people wanting a taxi in London will always choose black cabs over any other taxi model as London is largely associated with Black cabs; because black cabs an are large brand image of London. Therefore consumers will have a bigger market of not only tourists but environmentally friendly people may convert to using their service and therefore will increase LTIs production demand. However, the number of cities you see LTIs black cabs in isnt great. It tends to only be larger cities that have them so only a small percentage of people will get to use them on a regular basis. Smaller cities and towns will miss out, unless of course, LTI expand to more cities, which will be easily done with the reduced running costs of converting to battery power. A problem arises also when considering the current state of the economy. People and firms dont have enough money spare to take huge risks. Converting from combustion to battery is a large risk because so little is known about the market due to it being relatively new. Reliability and range are the main concerns, but also costs of a vehicle are breaking down are unknown. This uncertainty may be enough to deter consumers and result in a major loss to LTI. We looked at the technology side of using London Taxi International Limited within the electric car market. The first main point is that this is an innovative idea. It hasnt been done before and therefore will mean the company would get the upper hand over their competition as well as a new image as being a cleaner and greener company from their customers. This is because the electric cars wont be producing as much of their green house gases. Times are changing and electric cars are becoming better and more useful. So its a matter of time before the black cabs need to change. This will get the business a head start into it and get ahead of their competition. If the London Taxi Company accepted our proposal, the first step would be to possibly look into borrowing some money to kick off the process of buying new engine parts and installing them to the taxis (having trained up factory staff to a suitable level to carry this out) this would then involve interest rates which would be predetermined. Then make contact with suppliers for electric engine parts such as batteries and organise prices for shipping and handling. The third task would then be to change the taxi car production line and make all the brand new taxis electric with batteries. The TX4 has already proven to be a reliable vehicle that has a high level of performance with few problems. Therefore a whole new concept design will not need to be considered to change to electric and we are able to keep the main body of the car and only change the drive chain. The design of the TX4 is already owned by LTI and therefore there is no cost associated with keeping this design. As the TX4s shape and parts will still be produced and only the engine will be changed, the machinery that is already producing that car can still function as usual and therefore a massive change will not be needed and money will be saved. It is essential for LTI to create relations with companies that produce electric motors and are researching into the length of the battery life. This is important as the battery makes up a significant proportion of the cost of the car and will change the retailing price in which it is sold at. It wouldnt be sensible for LTI to develop a battery itself as they dont have the resources and experience in this field and as a small company could not invest the necessary capital. Batteries are hazardous and this will introduce new health and safety regulations in the factory which will incur the costs of retraining. The main disadvantages that could affect consumers wanting to purchase into electric taxis is the battery life. As electric vehicles are becoming more common technology is increasing to help sustain these electric vehicles batteries. London are considering introducing new underground charging stations that while parked at lights will charge the battery to help sustain its life. As this technological advancement is being placed around London it enables LTI to promote the electric vehicle without being worried about the length of the battery life. Also stations where you just drive up to change the electric battery, which is robotically manned, are being used by America currently. So as interest increases for electric vehicles in the UK this idea will possible be introduced into the UK giving more cause for electric cars. For private use electric cars are at a disadvantage because of their short range. This is why the electric car market is growing slowly. This is not an issue when the vehicle is being used as a taxi because taxis are almost never used for journeys longer than 10 miles. In the end its the companies wish whether to take an order of a bigger distance or not. Therefore the slow affecting market for cars to change to electric will not have the same disadvantages as taxis changing to electric. Research has shown that there wont be any technological issues when putting the new drive chain (electric motor) into the current taxi models. LTI has introduced a new hydrogen and electric hybrid vehicle to support the 2012 Olympics. The car keeps the ionic shape the London black cab but uses a combination of a fuel cell, powered by a tank of hydrogen, and lithium polymer batteries. This reduces LTIs worry that the TX4s shell would not be able to support an electric motor change. The electric motor has less power than normal petrol/diesel motors. However this should not affect sales as the car will be brought by private companies rather than individuals who would be concerned with performance. There are legal implications that LTI should consider when changing to electric motors. An electric car requires a special fast charging station in order to charge it fully in a matter of hours rather than days. These would require planning permission to be installed on a companys property or if a taxi company lease the property they would need permission of the owner. There could be some safety concerns associated with such a high voltage supply which could provoke the government into bringing in new legislations regarding these charging stations Another factor to consider when thinking about legal implications is such as problems with brake lights; one of the benefits of the electric car is that it uses the cars momentum when free-wheeling to recharge the battery. However a drawback of this is that the cars slow down a lot quicker in comparison to a regular free-wheeling car. Hence there is currently debate with regard to whether the brake lights should be on at such a time. The decisions of such laws should not affect the possibilities to use electric cars for London Taxis.

Bio 111: Ch. 1 Quiz

o/ > Chapter 01 Quiz Started onSaturday, September 8, 2012, 05:46 PM Completed onSaturday, September 8, 2012, 05:57 PM Time taken11 mins 17 secs Grade9. 00 out of a maximum of 10. 00 (90%) Question 1 Correct Mark 1. 00 out of 1. 00 Flag question Question text Many insects do not see into the red color-range and as a result, many insect-pollinated flowers are colors other than red (e. g. , purple and yellow). This flower coloration would be considered a Select one: a. adaptation. b. gene. c. DNA. d. evolution. e. natural selection. Feedback The correct answer is: adaptation.. Question 2 Correct Mark 1. 0 out of 1. 00 Flag question Question text Kevin is studying predator-prey interactions. One day he notices a spider eating a cricket caught in its web. Later that day, a bird eats the spider. How many populations are included in his study? Select one: a. 2 b. 0 c. 3 d. 1 e. 4 Feedback The correct answer is: 3. Question 3 Correct Mark 1. 00 out of 1. 00 Flag question Question text The p rocess of _____________________ transforms solar energy into chemical energy. Select one: a. homeostasis b. metabolism c. photosynthesis d. reproduction e. respiration Feedback The correct answer is: photosynthesis. Question 4Correct Mark 1. 00 out of 1. 00 Flag question Question text In science, a theory Select one: a. cannot be tested. b. is held to be an absolutely correct answer to a question. c. encompasses many hypotheses. d. is tested by an experiment. e. is more narrow in scope than a hypothesis. Feedback The correct answer is: encompasses many hypotheses.. Question 5 Correct Mark 1. 00 out of 1. 00 Flag question Question text A pond ecosystem includes small water fleas which feed on submerged aquatic plants. When the water fleas die, they sink to the bottom of the pond and where they decompose with the help of bacteria.List in order the producer, decomposer, and consumer in this system. Select one: a. bacterial, aquatic plants, water fleas b. aquatic plants, bacteria, water fleas c. aquatic plants, water fleas, bacteria d. water fleas, bacteria, aquatic plants e. bacteria, water fleas, aquatic plants Feedback The correct answer is: aquatic plants, bacteria, water fleas. Question 6 Correct Mark 1. 00 out of 1. 00 Flag question Question text The various species of honeycreepers have an assortment of different bills, but all species have a similar size and body shape. This is an example of Select one: . descent with modification. b. adaptations. c. DNA. d. taxonomy. e. homeostasis. Feedback The correct answer is: descent with modification.. Question 7 Correct Mark 1. 00 out of 1. 00 Flag question Question text Populations of amphibians, including frogs and toads, have been plagued by disease and high rates of deformity. A recent study investigated whether problems among the populations have arisen due to poisons from chemicals associated with agriculture. Biologists from the University of Florida collected local adult cane toads (Bufomarinus) from more t han 20 different locations.Toads were collected from areas close to agriculture; both large-scale and small-scale farms as well as from suburbs. At collection sites where 50-97% of the adjacent land was farmed, males showed high levels of feminization. Feminized male toads were similar in color to females and had lower levels of testosterone and often also deformed gonads. These changes can lead to sterile males or changes in behavior that prevent mating from occurring. In this study, what is the genus of the study animal? Select one: a. cane toad b. Bufomarinus c. marinus d. amphibian e. Bufo Feedback The correct answer is: Bufo. Question 8Correct Mark 1. 00 out of 1. 00 Flag question Question text Domain _______________ includes both unicellular and multicellular organisms. Select one: a. Eukarya b. Plantae c. Bacteria d. Fungi e. Protista Feedback The correct answer is: Eukarya. Question 9 Correct Mark 1. 00 out of 1. 00 Flag question Question text The smallest unit of life is a Select one: a. specie. b. tissue. c. organism. d. cell. e. organ. Feedback The correct answer is: cell.. Question 10 Incorrect Mark 0. 00 out of 1. 00 Flag question Question text Which of the following terms is not correctly matched with a correct example? Select one: a. mosquito feeding on a human host – community b. a rock garden with various plants and rocks of different sizes – ecosystem c. a spider – organism d. a herd of wildebeest – population e. a tropical rainforest – community Feedback The correct answer is: a tropical rainforest – community. Finish review Skip Quiz navigation Quiz navigation Question 1 This page Question 2 This page Question 3 This page Question 4 This page Question 5 This page Question 6 This page Question 7 This page Question 8 This page Question 9 This page Question 10 This page Finish review You are logged in as Moore Sarah (Logout) 2012FA-BIO-111-IX7

Byzantine Art Essay

Early Christian art was highly influenced by religious, political, and cultural changes. In contrast to the classical, idealistic portrayal of man, Early Christian art took a much more stylized approach to the depiction of man, with a neglected attention to human anatomy. The subject matter of much of the art turned from secular to religious; Christianity to be more specific. Constantine was the last emperor of the Roman Empire to hold undivided power. Under his rule, Constantine created the Edict of Milan, granting religious tolerance to all religions. This was of particular importance to Christians, who had been previously persecuted due to their spiritual beliefs. Because of the Edict of Milan, many Christian buildings were erected in addition to the many secular buildings that were transformed into Christian buildings. These buildings housed countless numbers of priceless religious artworks. One such example is the Transfiguration of Christ mosaic located in Saint Catherineâ€⠄¢s Monastery in Sinai, Egypt. When Constantine moved the capital of the Roman Empire to Byzantium, which he renamed Constantinople (modern day Istanbul), the Empire separated. Upon the division of the Roman Empire, Justinian, The Last Roman Emperor, held power over the Eastern Roman Empire from 527 to 565. Justinian was both a political and religious leader. Under his reign, many Christian buildings were constructed. Justinian often associated himself with Jesus Christ in the Byzantine artworks that these Christian buildings housed as a form of propaganda. The Orthodox Church now recognizes Justinian as a saint. Byzantine is a term used to describe eastern Mediterranean art from 330 to 1453, when the Turks conquered Constantinople (Strickland, 1992, p. 24). Mosaics were one of the most common forms of art during this period. They were intended to publicize the Christian creed through their religious subject matter (Strickland, 1992, p. 25). Byzantine mosaics are composed of small, colorful glass or stone squares and rectangles, called tesserae, embedded in wet cement or plaster. These tesserae were arranged in a manner through which they formed images. Typically, Byzantine mosaics are located on the walls and ceilings within a church apse and dome (Strickland, 1992, p. 25). The artists of these mosaics left the tesserae with jagged surfaces to create the sparkling, illuminated effect that distinguishes these mosaics  from those of other periods and places (Strickland, 1992, p. 25). The exteriors of Byzantine Christian structures were very plain in contrast to the elaborately decorated interiors. The awe-inspiring mosaics and icons brought the focus of the buildings to the interiors. Perhaps this was a method to spread the word of God by attracting people to come inside the buildings. Byzantine Emperor, Justinian, ordered the construction of he Monastery of the Transfiguration, more commonly known as Saint Catherine’s Monastery because the relics of Saint Catherine of Alexandria are said to have been inexplicably transported there, at the foot of Mount Moses (Wikipedia, 2006). The monastery houses the Chapel of the Burning Bush, which was ordered built by Constantine’s mother, Helena (Wikipedia, 2006). The Chapel of the Burning Bush is located at the site where Moses purportedly saw the burning bush (Wikipedia, 2006). Saint Catherine’s Monastery is now one of the oldest active monasteries in existence. The monastery survived Islamic dominance over the region due to a document that Mohammed supposedly signed himself, granting his protection over the monastery (Wikipedia, 2006). Saint Catherine’s Monastery allegedly gave Mohammed political asylum from his enemies (Wikipedia, 2006). In addition, a Fatimid mosque was built within the fortifications of Saint Catherine’s Monastery, thus creating further protection of the monastery from Islamic invasion (Wikipedia, 2006). Without the protection of Mohammed and the mosque, Saint Catherine’s Monastery would have been destroyed, and all of the irreplaceable artworks within its walls would have been lost. Byzantine mosaics contain many characteristics that distinguish them from the rest. The typical gold background of a Byzantine mosaic creates a sense of weightlessness within the figures, as if they are floating. Byzantine artists depicted sacred figures with halos, separating them from the other figures. With nude images having been forbidden, one can hardly make out the anatomy of the fully clothed figures. Though it is evident that symmetry was greatly appreciated, it is also evident that the mosaics lack perspective.  The figures depicted in the mosaics are flat and frontal facing with linear details. They are often slim with almond shaped faces and large eyes. The images depict little to no movement, creating a sense of stillness. These highly stylized Byzantine mosaics show disregard for Greco-Roman ideals. On an expedition set out by the University of Michigan in search of sites to excavate in the Near East, the staff spent five days at Saint Catherine’s Monastery (Forsyth, 1997). They discovered that the mosaics within the monastery had undergone little restoration since the time of Justinian (Forsyth, 1997). As a result, most of the works were in bad condition and on the verge of collapsing (Forsyth, 1997). Mosaic restorers came in to save the mosaics, which could have been lost forever (Forsyth, 1997). After they secured the mosaics, the restorers cleaned them (Forsyth, 1997). The mosaics now appear in their original state (Forsyth, 1997). One of the most known mosaics restored was the Transfiguration of Christ (Forsyth, 1997). The Transfiguration of Christ is located in the main church, Katholikon, in the apse over the high altar. The subject of this mosaic was an appropriate selection to portray in Saint Catherine’s Monastery because of its location at the foot of Mount Moses (Watson, 1999). In Christianity, the story claims that Jesus led three of his apostles, Peter, John, and James, to pray atop a mountain. It was here that Jesus transfigured, with his face shining like the sun and wearing bright white clothing. On both sides of Christ, Moses and Elijah appeared. Overhead, a brilliant cloud appeared, and God’s voice emerged from the cloud proclaiming, â€Å"This is my Son, the Beloved. Listen to him.† It was then that Jesus spoke with Moses and Elijah about his upcoming death. The artist of this mosaic is unknown because artists went unrecognized until much later. This mosaic is in the form of a triumphal arch, bordered by medallions occupying the busts of the twelve apostles, fifteen prophets, Longinus the Abbot, John the Deacon, two angels, and a Greek cross in the top, center (Watson, 1999). Jesus Christ is depicted in the center of the mosaic with black hair and beard. He was placed in an oval mandorla with a cross and a bright yellow circle depicting his illumination behind his head.  Rays of light are shown coming from Christ’s body. In addition to the mandorla depicting Christ’s holiness, this was done to make Christ the emphasis of the mosaic as well as to distinguish him from the other figures. Elijah is shown on one side of Christ, while Moses is shown on the other. Beneath Christ, Peter, John, and James are portrayed with awe (Watson, 1999). The Transfiguration of Christ contains all the elements of Byzantine mosaics. It has a bright gold background. The figures are dematerialized and one cannot tell which figures were intended to be floating and which are not. One can hardly make out the figures beneath the clothing and the only skin shown is on the figures’ faces, hands, and feet. All the figures were placed symmetrically around Christ, making him the focus of the mosaic. The halo and mandorla around Christ show his holiness. Only slight movement is shown through the figures’ poses. The figures are very flat, despite the attempts of the artist to show shadow and overlapping. All of the figures are slender with almond shaped heads and large eyes. One can hardly see perspective when observing this mosaic. In conclusion, religion, politics, and culture had a significant influence on The Transfiguration of Christ, and all Early Christian art for that matter. With the Edict of Milan legalizing Christianity, the focus of art turned from secular to religious, changing the course of art forever. The Edict of Milan made it possible for Christians to practice their spiritual beliefs openly, leading to Early Christian art. Early Christian art can be credited with the spread of Christianity. One might wonder if Christianity would be as prominent as it is today had it not been for these artworks, or would it have died off a long time ago. Without Early Christian art, one might wonder when or how today’s modern day art would have evolved.

Types of Formatting for Academic Papers

Types of Formatting for Academic Papers Types of Formatting for Academic Papers Teachers commonly require academic papers to assess a student’s comprehension of a topic. Academic assessments often come in the form of research papers, which are defined as a person’s thoughts or perception of a topic based on thorough analysis. When writing an academic paper, be mindful of the following things. Common Types of Academic Papers Definition Papers Definition papers describe an idea from a factual perspective. These papers do not contain opinion or emotion. Although you may gather facts from different sources, the information is simply stated and supported. However, a definition paper can provide a good framework for persuasive, argumentative, or analytical papers. Argumentative Papers Argumentative papers present two sides of a scenario in one paper. Most good argumentative papers include in-text citations from different researchers and logical facts in support of both sides of the argument. Ultimately, these facts should conclude and culminate your analysis with the pros and cons of each side. The challenge in writing an argumentative paper is that while you are advocating for one side over the other, the way in which you present both arguments must remain neutral and factual. Persuasive Papers Persuasive papers choose a stance and provide logical arguments to defend that stance. Unlike argumentative papers, persuasive papers do not need to present ideas that support any opposing stance. It can also include more emotional and perspective-based opinions. Purpose of Academic Paper Formats When writing academic papers, the way you present your paper is crucial. Using the proper citing, referencing, and quoting of your sources allow for you to communicate your ideas in a manner that is shared by others in your field. Some of these formats include: Chicago Manual of Style The Chicago Manual of Style (CMS) is predominantly used in humanities, particularly literature, history, or the arts. Modern Language Association Style The Modern Language Association Style (MLA) is also popular with students of humanities. Artists, linguists, and theatre students have been using MLA for over 500 years. American Psychological Association Style The American Psychological Association Style (APA) is a set of rules and guidelines established by the American Psychological Association. This format is popular among students and practitioners of psychology, sociology, social work, and medicine. When working on your research paper, remember to pay extra attention to the way you format your source materials. Use the handouts that your teachers give you, or any online reference materials to ensure that all formatting is accurate. For expert advice in formatting your research paper, is here to help.

How to choose a minor in college

How to choose a minor in college The best minors for your English major Learn about the best minors from our list and decide whether you want to pair Spanish with psychology or linguistics. Psychology Study psychology for a better understanding of the human nature. You can either be a fiction lover or a math fan, but if you dedicate yourself to learning about people’s thinking, you will soon realize you can write a novel psychological enough to win the Nobel prize! Besides, you will be able to embrace different cultures and their mental attitudes apart from the capacity to analyze fictional characters and why students procrastinate on a daily basis. There is a reason we want psychology to be our minor, and that’s not because writing tasks are not that complicated (they actually are). After you get a psychology degree, life suddenly seems to be more diverse, and that’s only the beginning. Humanities If you have a passion for writing that can’t be quelled and can discuss the word origins for hours, then welcome to the humanities league. You will be able to pursue the history of the language and immerse into literary art like a pro, dealing with concepts and forms that have been developed by writers through the centuries. Not a far cry from history, humanities would be a perfect choice for anyone remotely interested in language issues and will certainly add to your understanding of linguistics, if you make enough effort. Besides, you can always get a bonus for being an expert in word definitions and fictional concepts. Foreign language Let’s be honest – foreign language means amazing job opportunities, and hey, who wouldn’t be glad to receive a promotion? If you are learning a second language, however, do not forget to do your research and track the statistics – Chinese still occupies the first place along with Spanish, and you can find many people traveling to Spain for the same reason. If you are too lazy to choose a minor right away, we recommend you reading short stories in another language so that you practice and enrich your vocabulary daily. As they say, learning is one of the pleasures of life if you know how to do it. Suddenly, the world has more color to it and we should say being bilingual does not hurt! History History is kind of associated with humanities, but you will be surprised how much there is to know about the current state of affairs. You may have read Pride and Prejudice, but do you know it was quite revolutionary for its time? Sometimes, you just need history to learn about cause and effect and the consequences of big political decisions on the world arena. What is more, you can add that to your minor list and still be able to attend your major course, since history surveys along topic classes. Journalism For people who know they want to write and just can’t help it, this course should be amazing. You have to remember, however, that fantasy is no longer something you can indulge in once you become a news manager – hello, truth! So, prepare yourself for the change of the subject: instead of your own thoughts and opinions (though they still may be present in blog), you will have to give way to politicians, government leaders and political representatives. Boring? It can be, especially if you are taught the standards of the creative writing, but then, you also gain a lot of experience and spend the majority of your time with the like-minded people. Interviewing celebrities is also included, which can be considered a bonus in some ways. Don’t be afraid to explore the new horizons with a minor!

Zetioun, the Man Who Quit Money and the Hero With a Thousand Faces Essay

Zetioun, the Man Who Quit Money and the Hero With a Thousand Faces - Essay Example th three main stages: the hero’s departure from the common world (his/her community), the hero’s initiation into the new or strange world and finally the hero’s return to the normal and former lands where they use the skills built up while in the foreign world to help their communities. â€Å"A hero ventures forth from the world of common day into a region of supernatural wonder: fabulous forces are there encountered and a decisive victory is won: the hero comes back from this mysterious adventure with the power to bestow boons on his fellow man (Campbell 15).† A close examination of the two books â€Å"Zietoun† by Eggers and â€Å"The man who quit money† by Sundeen clearly fit in the category of mythical stories described here as they reveal the controversial lives of the two main characters Zeitoun and Suelo away from their homes where they battle life out to make ends meet. Zeitoun is said to have come from Syria to live in America where he meets his wife Cathy Zeitoun, a Christian- Muslim convert and with whom they later bear children. Suelo on the other hand abandons his home in America where he worked as a cook, traverses the deserts of Utah and resides within the caves in the desert far from his fellow bipeds, a decision which later on sterns his long term friend. â€Å"In the twenty first year of the twenty first century, a man standing by the highway in the middle of America pulled from his pocket his life savings- thirty dollars- lay it in a phone booth and walked away (Sundeen 1).† The beginning of Suelo and Zeitoun’s stories, narrating how they left their original homelands, went and lived in foreign spheres conforms to Campbell’s mythical format at the first stage where the hero leaves his home and settles in a foreign land on a call to adventure. According to Campbell, the hero often experience several trials while in the strange world as part of initiation into the new world, which they must always overcome. These challenges define the

Information Sytems - Article Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Information Sytems - Article - Research Paper Example Quite a few studies and reports have been published on this topic and the rationale of the study is due to lack of financial support, remoteness, education, and trained manpower in the Indigenous community. There are various recommendations from researchers and practitioners to address these shortcomings including community access centres, social inclusion, improving social capital and software packages that can provide custom solutions. However, unless more and more members of the Indigenous community have access to and use the Internet and ICT, the fundamental objective of the government’s information systems implementation on communities will be lost. In order to bridge this gap the proposed framework attempts to enact as the integrated platform for the government organisations and other partners such as NGOs or public/private business sections to implement a dynamic business process model for social or community information development in the Indigenous community. The paper begins with the discussion of the importance of ICT in governance and its impact on the Indigenous community of Australia. It focuses on the gaps that exist with regard to its impact on the nonnative population in the country and its Indigenous population. A Dynamic Business Process Development Framework (DBPDF) is proposed to form the backbone of a system where effective implementation of ICT can benefit the Indigenous population of the nation. The paper concludes with a detailed delineation and the rationale behind the implementation of the DBPDF and recommendations for some future research directions. Availability of data, and the resulting information and knowledge are essential components for any organisation to be effective. This is true for any organisation regardless of its form for profit or service. The 21st Century information systems through the cutting edge Information and